🇮🇳 The Constitution of India
The Supreme Law of the Land
Brief Overview
The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India, adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November 1949 and came into effect on 26th January 1950. It is the longest written constitution of any country in the world, containing a Preamble, 25 Parts with 448 Articles, 12 Schedules, and 105 Amendments.
Drafted by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and the Constituent Assembly, the Constitution lays down the framework that defines fundamental political principles, establishes the structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions, and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties of citizens.
The Indian Constitution is known for its unique blend of rigidity and flexibility, federal structure with unitary features, and emphasis on social justice and equality. It guarantees all citizens justice, equality, and liberty, and endeavors to promote fraternity among them.
📜 Fundamental Rights
Articles 12-35 guarantee civil liberties such as equality before law, freedom of speech, and protection against discrimination.
🎯 Directive Principles
Articles 36-51 provide guidelines for the government to establish social and economic democracy in the country.
⚖️ Fundamental Duties
Article 51A lists 11 fundamental duties of every citizen towards the nation, added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976.
🏛️ Parliamentary System
India follows a parliamentary form of government with the President as Head of State and Prime Minister as Head of Government.
🔗 Federal Structure
The Constitution establishes a federal system with division of powers between the Union and State governments.
⚖️ Independent Judiciary
The Supreme Court acts as the guardian of the Constitution with powers of judicial review and protection of fundamental rights.
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